常用微生物学专业名词词汇表知识.docVIP

常用微生物学专业名词词汇表 active immunity（主动免疫）: Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen. active transport（主动运输）:Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP. Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）：is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways, then go one step farther, converting pyruvic acid into ethanol, a C-2 compound. aerobe（好氧微生物）: A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2). aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）: From Aspergillus flavus t, a mycotoxin that typically poisons moldy animal feed and can cause liver cancer in humans and other animals. AIDS（爱滋病）: Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome. The complex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ames test（艾姆氏实验）: A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteria anabolism（合成代谢）: The energy consuming process of incorporating nutrients into protoplasm through biosynthesis. anaerobe（厌氧微生物）: A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen. antibiotic（抗生素）:A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts. antibody（抗体）: A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen. antigen（抗原）: Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin. antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）:The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response. antimetabolite（抗代谢物）:A substance such as a drug that competes with, subst