microbiology第一章幻灯片.pptVIP

In agriculture Microbial fertilizer Biological control SCP Microbial energy: methane gas for rural consumption In environment protection In medicine In food production In biotechnology In research Pasteur’s Contributions to microbiology Negated spontaneous generation (abiogenesis )drastically; Proved ferment is reduced by microbe; attenuated vaccine; Invented method of preparation street virus(狂犬病毒) Invented pasteurization. Koch’s Contributions to microbiology Invented medium and purified microbe using it; Found pathogeny(致病原因) of anthracnose(炭疽病)--anthrax bacillus Built Koch’s postulates (textbook P15) 1.7.2 5-kingdom system (R. H. Whittaker, Science, 163: 150～160, 1969) 原核生物界 Monera：Bacteria、actinomycetes, etc; 原生生物界 Protista：algae、Protozoa、mycetozoan(粘菌)； 真菌界 Fungi：yeast、mold； 动物界 Animalia： 植物界 Plantae： (Textbook P16～20) 1.4.3Rapid duplication and growth 生长旺、繁殖快 An Echerische coli (大肠杆菌）cell can double itself within 15 minutes, it also means its weight increases one fold within 15 minutes. How fast can you grow? ? 1.4.4 Strong adaptability and easily mutated 适应性强、易变异 (Adapt to extrem environment, such as high salt concentration, high temperature, antibiotic resistant) 1.4.5 Widespread distribution and diversified species分布广、种类多 Microbes can be found nearly everywhere, from deep in the earth’s crust, to the polar ice caps and oceans, to the bodies of plants and animals. Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms（五大共性） Small volume, large specific surface area Fast absorption and conversion Rapid duplication and growth Strong adaptability and easily mutated Widespread distribution and diversified species 1.5 The Historical Foundations of Microbiology The science of microbiology did not start until the invention of the microscope in the mid 16th century and it was not until the late 17th century that Antoine van Leeuwenhoek made his first records of fungi, bacteria and protozoa. The