专题五应用动力学观点与能量观点.pptVIP

专题五　应用动力学观点和能量观点解决力学压轴题 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 高考试题中常常以能量守恒为核心考查重力、摩擦力、电场力、磁场力的做功特点，以及动能定理、机械能守恒定律和能量守恒定律的应用．分析时应抓住能量核心和各种力做功的不同特点，运用动能定理和能量守恒定律进行分析． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 常考点一　应用动力学方法和动能定理解决多过程问题 若一个物体参与了多个运动过程，有的运动过程只涉及分析力或求解力而不涉及能量问题，则常常用牛顿运动定律求解；若该过程涉及能量转化问题，并且具有功能关系的特点，则往往用动能定理求解． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 图1 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 审题指导　(1)运动过程分析 自由落体运动 圆周运动 斜面上匀减速运动 (2)找出小物体最终的运动状态 从B点开始做往复运动 此过程中机械能守恒 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 即学即练1 如图2所示，倾角为α的光滑斜面与半径为 R＝0．4 m半圆形光滑轨道在同一竖直平面内，其中斜面与水平面BE光滑连接，水平面BE长为L＝0．4 m，直径CD沿竖直方向，C、E可看作重合．现有一可视为质点的小球从斜面上距B点竖直距离为H的地方由静止释放，小球在水平面上所受阻力为其重力的．(取g＝10 m/s2) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1)若要使小球经E处水平进入圆形轨道且能沿轨道运动，H至少要有多高？如小球恰能沿轨道运动，那么小球在水平面DF上能滑行多远？ (2)若小球静止释放处离B点的高度h小于(1)中H的最小值，小球可击中与圆心等高的G点，求h的值． 图2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.