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How rapidly do neutron stars spin at birth Constraints from archival X-ray observations of.pdf

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How rapidly do neutron stars spin at birth Constraints from archival X-ray observations of

a r X i v : 0 7 1 2 .1 0 4 0 v 1 [ a s t r o - p h ] 6 D e c 2 0 0 7 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000–000 (0000) Printed 2 February 2008 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) How rapidly do neutron stars spin at birth? Constraints from archival X-ray observations of extragalactic supernovae Rosalba Perna1, Roberto Soria2, Dave Pooley3, Luigi Stella4 1 JILA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309 2 MSSL, University College London, Holmbury St mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UK 3 Astronomy Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 North Charter st., Madison, WI 53706, USA 4 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Rome, Italy 2 February 2008 ABSTRACT Traditionally, studies aimed at inferring the distribution of birth periods of neu- tron stars are based on radio surveys. Here we propose an independent method to constrain the pulsar spin periods at birth based on their X-ray luminosities. In par- ticular, the observed luminosity distribution of supernovae poses a constraint on the initial rotational energy of the embedded pulsars, via the LX ? E?rot correlation found for radio pulsars, and under the assumption that this relation continues to hold beyond the observed range. We have extracted X-ray luminosities (or limits) for a large sample of historical SNe observed with Chandra, XMM and Swift, that have been firmly clas- sified as core-collapse supernovae. We have then compared these observational limits with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the pulsar X-ray luminosity distribu- tion, for a range of values of the birth parameters. We find that a pulsar population dominated by millisecond periods at birth is ruled out by the data. 1 INTRODUCTION Modeling the observed properties of the Galactic population of radio pulsars, with the purpose of inferring their intrinsic properties, has been the subject of extensive investigation for several decades (e.g. Gunn Ostriker 1970; Phinney