PresentationonWasteTreatmentOptions.pdfVIP

Waste Treatment Technologies Richard Longcake October 2007 1 Why do we need new waste technologies? Current use of landfill is not sustainable: ? Biodegradable waste produces greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide) ? Methane has 21 x the global warming potential of carbon dioxide ? High cost owing to national and EU fines for exceeding targets and landfill tax ? Landfill capacity is a limited resource ? Non-recyclable wastes are a potential source of energy 2 Waste Strategy 2007 Higher national targets have been set for: ? Recycling and composting of household waste – 40% by 2010 – 45% by 2015 – 50% by 2020 ? Recovery of municipal wastes – 53% by 2010 – 67% by 2015 – 75% by 2020 3 Residual waste requiring treatment 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 2007/08 2009/10 2014/15 2019/20 2035-36 T o n n e s p e r y e a r Recycling at kerb and interim contract Landfill allowance (as MSW) Residual waste for treatment 4 What are the technology options? Pre-treatment options ?Mechanical Biological Treatment ?Mechanical (sorting and size reduction) ?Biological (in-vessel composting and anaerobic digestion) ?Mechanical Heat Treatment (such as autoclave) Energy recovery options ?Incineration with energy recovery / combined heat and power / refuse derived fuel plant Advanced Thermal Treatment (gasification / pyrolysis) 5 Mechanical 6 Water is added to the drum in a powerful jet to help break up the organic wastes. Rotating Drum with Water Knives Rotating drum using heavy balls to break up or pulverise the waste. Ball Mill Uses gravity to tumble, mix, and homogenize the wastes resulting in considerable size reduction of paper and other biodegradable materials. Rotating Drum Rotating knives or hooks tear or cut most materials.Shredder Material significantly reduced in size by swinging steel hammers. Hammer Mill Used to split bags whilst leaving the majority of the waste intact. Bag Splitter PrincipleTechnique 7 Biological ? Composting – Open windrows –