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The effects of fungal root endophytes on plant growth a meta analysis.pdf

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The effects of fungal root endophytes on plant growth a meta analysis

ORIGINAL PAPER The effects of fungal root endophytes on plant growth: a meta-analysis Michael S. Mayerhofer Gavin Kernaghan Karen A. Harper Received: 13 April 2012 /Accepted: 6 July 2012 /Published online: 21 July 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Fungal root endophytes are plant associates that colonize root tissue internally without causing any obvious harm to their host. Although ubiquitous, this relationship is not well understood. Our objectives were to determine the effects of fungal root endophyte inoculation on plant bio- mass and nitrogen concentration by conducting an extensive meta-analysis. We also explored the effects of experimental conditions on the host–endophyte relationship. We per- formed analyses weighted with non-parametric variance on plant response to root endophytes from the Ascomycetes (excluding the Clavacipitaceae), including categorical anal- yses of 21 experimental factors, ranging from the identity of the host and the endophyte, to the composition of the grow- ing medium. The response of total biomass to endophyte inoculation was 18 % lower than non-inoculated controls, while individually, root biomass, shoot biomass, and nitrogen concentration responses to endophyte inoculation were neu- tral. The identities of both the host and the endophyte had an influence, as did the original source of the endophyte (whether or not the isolate used originated from the same host species). Experimental conditions also influenced the plant–endophyte relationship, with the most important being the availability and sources of carbon and organic nitrogen, particularly peat moss. Although our analysis demonstrates that overall plant biomass and nitrogen concentration responses to ascomyce- tous root endophyte inoculation is neutral to negative, these results are somewhat confounded by among-study differences in experimental conditions, which undoubtedly contribute to the high levels of variability in plant response seen in the literature. Keywords Fu