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Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Fly Ash Zeolite.pdf

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Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Fly Ash Zeolite

Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Fly Ash Zeolite Bably Prasad Robert J. G. Mortimer Received: 13 May 2010 /Accepted: 20 October 2010 /Published online: 10 November 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract In this paper, two Indian fly ashes (from Talcher and Ramagundam) were converted into zeolites and both the raw fly ash and zeolite were used to treat two British acidic mine waters. The results demonstrate that fly ash zeolites are more effective than raw fly ash for treatment of acid mine drainage. Fly ash has been found effective for removal of Pb, but with increased dosing, caused release of Ba, Cr, Sr (both fly ashes) plus Zn, Ni (Talcher), or Fe (Ramagundam) into mine water. In contrast, increased dosing with fly ash zeolite re- moved 100% Pb, 98.9% Cd, 98.8% Zn, 85.6% Cu, 82.8% Fe, 48.3% Ni, and 44.8% Ba from mine water. Fly ash is amorphous in nature and many metals attached on the surface of the ash particles are easily leached off when ash comes in contact with acidic mine water. However, fly ash zeolite is crystalline in nature and due to its high cation exchange properties, most of the metals present in acid mine water are retained in surface sites. Keywords Acidminedrainage . Heavymetals . Flyash zeolite .Waste processing 1 Introduction Acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage, and fly ash from burning of coal in power plants both pose widespread environmental and economic prob- lems for many countries. AMD results when coal seams containing sulfide minerals (principally pyrite FeS2) are mined and are exposed to air and water, causing oxidation to sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The production of AMD depends on the rate of pyrite oxidation, the presence of acidophilic bacteria, and the influence of carbonate minerals in the host rock. The H2SO4 in turn mobilizes toxic metals by dissolution. AMD is characterized by a pH as low as 2 and high concentration of Fe, total dissolved solids, Al, Mn, and SO4 (Akcil and Koldas 2006). If left