Unit9-ASurgicalDiseas.docxVIP

Introduction to bone fracture 骨折的概述A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. 骨的连续性破坏称为骨折。A bone fracture can be the result of high force impact or stress, or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones，such as osteoporosis，bone cancer，or osteo-genesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture.骨折可由高冲击力或压力，或者是在骨骼疾病导致骨骼削弱的基础上轻微的损伤造成，比如骨质疏松、骨肿瘤、成骨不全常也被称为病理性骨折。What causes a bone fracture?When outside forces such as a direct blows or falls are applied to bone it has the potential to fail. 当外部力量比如直接打击或跌倒时施加于骨头导致它有可能承受不了。Fractures occur when bone cannot withstand those outside forces. 骨折发生在骨不能承受这些外部力量。Fracture’ break，or crack all mean the same thing. 断裂或裂缝都意味着骨折。One term does not imply a more or less severe injury. 这并不意味着损伤的轻重。The integrity of the bone has been damaged，which causes the bone structure to fail, which results in a fracture or broken bone. 骨的完整性已被破坏，这会导致骨结构的破坏，从而导致骨折。Often a fracture is easy to detect because there is obvious deformity. 通常骨折易于检测，因为有明显的畸形。However, at times it is not easily diagnosed. It is important for the physician to take a history of the injury to decide what potential problems might exist. 然而，有时它是不容易诊断。医生采集受伤中的病史是非常重要的，这能够确定潜在可能存在的问题。Moreover，fractures don’t always occur in isolation，and there may be associated injuries that need to be addressed.此外，骨折并不是常常完全离断，同时骨折常带来一些附带损伤需要解决。Fractures can occur because of direct blows,twisting injuries,or falls. 直接打击，扭转受伤，或跌倒常导致骨折发生。The type of forces or trauma applied to the bone may determine what type of injury that occurs. 施加于骨的作用力或损伤的类型，可以确定发生的损伤类型。Some fractures occur without any obvious trauma due to osteoporosis，the loss of calcium in bone (for example a compression fracture of the vertebrae of the back) or a congenital bone cyst that has been present since birth, which causes a weak area in the bone.有些骨折没有明显的外伤，因为骨质疏松，骨质钙流失（例如背部的脊椎骨压缩性骨折）或因为出生时先天性骨囊肿，它会导致骨中的薄弱区域。Description