高速公路长安隧洞身开挖、支护方案大学学位论文.doc

申嘉湖高速公路湖州鹿山至安吉孝源段 第3合同段 长安隧道 洞身开挖、支护方案 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 项目经理部 二0一六年五月 目 录 一、开挖················································3 1、台阶法开挖·····················································3 2、注意事项·······················································4 3、全断面开挖·····················································9 4、仰拱开挖························································12 5、中心水沟·······················································16 6、超欠挖处理·····················································20 二、超前支护············································20 1、超前小导管······················································20 2、φ25超前全长粘结型锚杆········································22 三、初期支护············································22 1、钢架···························································22 2、钢筋网·························································23 3、钢筋网铺设······················································26 4、锚杆施工·······················································26 5、喷射混凝土施工·················································31 6、超前地质预报···················································34 四、安全、质量措施······································39 1、爆破作业安全措施及应急办法·····································39 2、爆破施工应急措施···············································40 3、爆破安全技术····················································40 4、炮烟及盲炮的预防················································41 5、工程质量检查验收程序···········································42 6、质量保证体系···················································43 7、安全保证体系····················································47 洞身开挖、支护方案 申嘉湖高速公路第3合同段长安隧道所处地层地质复杂，表层断续覆盖第四系残坡积（Qcl+dl）碎石孔隙潜水含水层，厚度小，且多处于地下水常水位以上，降雨时充水，雨后排泄，总体水量贫乏，根据围岩级别和设计要求并结合现场实际地质情况，采用相应的开挖方法：洞口段采用台阶法预留核心土开挖、Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩一般地段采用台阶法开挖、Ⅲ级围岩地段采用全断面法开挖。 一、开挖 1、台阶法开挖 施工原则： ⑴、避免对原地层扰动。 ⑵、台阶推进，机械配合人工开挖，必要时采用弱爆破。 ⑶、开挖化大为小，支护宁强勿弱。 ⑷、轮廓稍大勿小，及早封闭成环。 ⑸、稳扎稳打，岩变我变。 洞身开挖采用台阶法预留核心土开挖施工，在隧道开挖过程中，在三个台阶上分七个开挖面，以前后七个不同的位置相互错开同时开挖，然后分部同时支护，形成支护整体，缩短作业循环时间，逐步向纵深推进，形成开挖及初期支护，仰拱紧跟