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2009 CS Impact of HNT onrespiration, membrane stability, antioxidant capacity and yield of riceplant.pdf

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2009 CS Impact of HNT onrespiration, membrane stability, antioxidant capacity and yield of riceplant

CROP SCIENCE, VOL. 49, JANUARY–FEBRUARY 2009 313 RESEARCH Rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is the stable food of over half the world’s population (Khush, 1997), is cultivated under a wide range of environments between latitudes 45°N and 40°S (Grist, 1986). Global circulation models project that the global tempera- ture is likely to increase by 1.4 to 5.8°C because of projected increase in the concentrations of all greenhouse gases by the end of the 21st century (IPCC, 2001; Section 9.3.3, p. 555). Night- time temperatures are projected to increase more than daytime temperatures (Alward et al., 1999). Peng et al. (2004) reported an increase in nighttime temperature (increase by 1.13°C) over a period of 25 yr (1979 to 2003) at the International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. A rise in nighttime temperature by 1°C can reduce rice grain yield by 10% (Peng et al., 2004). Thus, identifying and developing management practices, such as the application of agrochemicals to prevent or negate the nega- tive eff ects of high nighttime temperatures, can be benefi cial for worldwide rice production and food stability. A projected increase in plant respiration in response to climate warming is of serious concern, as respiratory processes could con- sume a larger portion of total photosynthates (Paembonan et al., Impact of High Nighttime Temperature on Respiration, Membrane Stability, Antioxidant Capacity, and Yield of Rice Plants Abdul-Razack Mohammed and Lee Tarpley* ABSTRACT Nighttime temperature is one of the major envi- ronmental factors infl uencing plant metabolic processes. The respiration rates, membrane ther- mal stability (MTS), and total antioxidant capaci- ties of leaves were investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants when exposed to high nighttime temperature (HNT) (32°C) or ambient nighttime temperature (ANT) (27°C), and with or without potential preventive exogenous effector (chemi- cal) treatments. The exogenous effector treat-