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Absolute Rate, Evolving Luminosity function, and Evolving Jet Opening Angle Distribution fo.pdf

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Absolute Rate, Evolving Luminosity function, and Evolving Jet Opening Angle Distribution fo

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 5 0 9 2 7 6 v 2 6 D e c 2 0 0 5 1 Absolute Rate, Evolving Luminosity Function, and Evolving Jet Opening Angle Distribution for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Tatsushi Matsubayashi,1,?) Ryo Yamazaki,2,3,??) Daisuke Yonetoku,4,???) Toshio Murakami4,?) and Toshikazu Ebisuzaki1,??) 1Ebisuzaki Computational Astrophysics laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, 351-0198 Japan 2Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan 3Department of Physics, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan 4Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan (Received April 19, 2005) Using the luminosity function and the apparent GRB rate inferred from the spectral peak energy-luminosity relation, we investigate the absolute GRB formation rate, taking into account the effects of both the jet-luminosity evolution and the jet opening angle evolution. In the case that there is no jet opening angle evolution, the jet-corrected luminosity for high-redshift GRBs is much larger than typical values for low-z (z ～ 1) bursts. On the other hand, if the jet-luminosity does not evolve with time, the jet opening angle for high-z bursts should be much smaller than that for low-z GRBs. Therefore, it is preferable to take into account both evolution effects. We also estimate the local GRB event rate in a galaxy of ～ 10?7–10?5 yr?1. §1. Introduction The luminosity function and the formation rate history of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are important for understanding the nature of these events. The formation history of GRBs provides constraints on the population of progenitors. If we know the absolute value of the GRB rate, we can study their relation to other objects potentially related to GRBs. It is fairly certain that long GRBs arise from relativistic jets with typical opening half-angles of ～ 0.1 rad.25), 43) For this reason, determining the corrections due to jet collimation and/or je