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Anisotropic convection in rotating proto-neutron stars.pdf

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Anisotropic convection in rotating proto-neutron stars

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 4 0 3 0 2 1 v 2 5 M a r 2 0 0 4 Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. 0924 February 2, 2008 (DOI: will be inserted by hand later) Anisotropic convection in rotating proto-neutron stars J. A. Miralles 1 , J. A. Pons 1 , and V. Urpin 1,2 1 Departament de F??sica Aplicada, Universitat d’Alacant, Ap. Correus 99, 03080 Alacant, Spain 2 A.F.Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology and Isaak Newton Institute of Chili, Branch in St.Petersburg, 194021 St.Petersburg, Russia Received...../ Accepted..... Abstract. We study the conditions for convective instability in rotating, non-magnetic proto–neutron stars. The criteria that determine stability of nascent neutron stars are analogous to the Solberg–H?iland conditions but including the presence of lepton gradients. Our results show that, for standard angular velocity profiles, convectively unstable modes with wave-vectors parallel to the rotation axis are suppressed by a stable angular momentum profile, while unstable modes with wave-vectors perpendicular to the axis remain unaltered. Since the wave-vector is perpendicular to the velocity perturbation, the directional selection of the unstable modes may result in fluid motions along the direction of the rotation axis. This occurs in rigidly rotating stars as well as in the inner core of differentially rotating stars. Our results provide a natural source of asymmetry for proto–neutron stars with the only requirement that angular velocities be of the order of the convective characteristic frequency. Key words. stars: neutron - stars: rotation – supernovae: general – hydrodynamics 1. Introduction Hydrodynamical instabilities in newly born neutron stars play an important role in enhancing neutrino luminosities and in- creasing the energy deposition efficiency. It was first argued by Epstein (1979) that the negative lepton gradient that arises in the outer layers of the proto-neutron star (PNS) can be con- vectively unstable. However, convecti