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Can Decaying Particles Raise the Upperbound on the Peccei-Quinn Scale.pdf

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Can Decaying Particles Raise the Upperbound on the Peccei-Quinn Scale

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 9 5 1 0 4 6 1 v 1 1 N o v 1 9 9 5 ICRR-Report-345-95-11 UT-730 Can Decaying Particles Raise the Upperbound on the Peccei-Quinn Scale? M. Kawasaki Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi 188, Japan T. Moroi Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. T. Yanagida Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan Abstract We have reexamine the effect of entropy production on the cosmic axion density and find that the Peccei-Quinn scale Fa larger than about 10 15 GeV is not allowed even if large entropy is produced by the decays of coherent oscillations or non- relativistic massive particles. We stress that this result is independent of the details of models for the decaying particles. 1 Introduction The axion [1, 2, 3, 4] is the Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking which was invented as a natural solution to the strong CP problem in QCD [5]. The breaking scale Fa of Peccei-Quinn symmetry is stringently constrained by laboratory experiments, astrophysics and cosmology. The consideration of cooling processes due to the axion emission in red giants and SN1987A requires that Fa should be greater than about 1010 GeV[6]. On the other hand, Fa should be less than about 1012GeV so that the energy density of the coherent oscillations of the axion field should be less than the critical density of the universe [7]. Thus the allowed range of Fa is given between 1010 GeV and 1012 GeV which is called the axion window. However, Steinhardt and Turner [8] showed that the entropy production due to the first order phase transition or the out-of-equilibrium decays of massive particles dilutes the axion density and makes the upperbound on Fa as large as 10 18GeV. The upperbound (Fa ～ 1018 GeV) was obtained by requiring the entropy production should not dilute the baryon density too much, i.e. the dilution factor should be le