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Carbon Abundances of Faint Stars in M13 - Evidence for Two Abundance Altering Mechanisms.pdf

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Carbon Abundances of Faint Stars in M13 - Evidence for Two Abundance Altering Mechanisms

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 v 1 4 O c t 2 0 0 2 Carbon Abundances of Faint Stars in M13 - Evidence for Two Abundance Altering Mechanisms 1 Michael M. Briley Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901 Judith G. Cohen Palomar Observatory, MS 105-24, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 and Peter B. Stetson Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada ABSTRACT We present an analysis of CH band strengths in Keck LRIS spectra of a sample of 81 stars in M13 within 2 magnitudes of the main-sequence turnoff. The subgiants clearly exhibit a substantial (a factor of ～6) spread in [C/Fe]. Moreover, the bulk of the subgiants possess C abundances larger than those found among their more luminous counterparts. The turnoff stars themselves are too warm for appreciable CH formation, but the relatively small range in the observed CH band strength for stars just below the turnoff nevertheless translates into this same spread in [C/Fe]. Still fainter, the sample size is small, but the same range in [C/Fe] appears to be present. On the basis of these observations we suggest that a process external to the present stars has resulted in a substantial star-to-star dispersion in [C/Fe] (and possibly other light elements) among all stars in M13. In addition, the surface C abundances among the more luminous stars have been further modified by the operation of an internal deep-mixing mechanism during red giant branch ascent. The amplitude of the scatter we find in [C/Fe] at all luminosities may prove difficult to explain via accretion from intermediate mass AGB stars as the external “polluting” mechanism. 1Based on observations obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated jointly by the Cali- fornia Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration. – 2 – Subject headings: g