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Lithium-ion Battery
Electrochimica Acta 165 (2015) 67–71Bis(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl) Ethylphosphonate as Novel High-efficient
Flame Retardant Additive for Safer Lithium-ion Battery
Xiaoming Zhu a,c, Xiaoyu Jiang b, Xinping Ai b, Hanxi Yang b, Yuliang Cao b,*
aHubei Collaboration Innovation Center of Non-power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
bCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
c School of Nuclear Technology Chemistry and Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 5 January 2015
Received in revised form 11 February 2015
Accepted 28 February 2015
Available online 3 March 2015
Keywords:
Fluorinated phosphates
Flame retardant
Safety
Lithium ion batteries
A B S T R A C T
Bis(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl) ethylphosphonate (TFEP) is first synthesized as a flame retardant additive for
conventional carbonate electrolyte to improve the safety of lithium ion batteries. The inflammability and
electrochemical stability of the TFEP containing electrolyte are studied. The self-extinguishing time test
shows that TFEP provides a significant suppression of the flammability of the electrolyte. When adding
20% TFEP, the electrolyte cannot be ignited, exhibiting superior flame retardancy. Cyclic voltammetry and
electrochemical charge/discharge tests show that TFEP has insignificant impact on the electrodes’
electrochemical performance. The results demonstrate that TFEP can be used as a novel highly effective
safety additive for lithium ion batteries.
? 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Electrochimica Acta
journa l home page : www.e l sev ier .com/ loca te /e le cta cta1. Introduction
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used as power source for
portable electronic devices such as cameras, laptops, cellphones, etc.
due to its high energy density. The further extension of lithium i
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