On the evaluation of the norm of an integral operator associated with the stability of one-.pdf
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On the evaluation of the norm of an integral operator associated with the stability of one-
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8 On the evaluation of the norm of an integral
operator associated with the stability of
one-electron atoms
V.I.Burenkov and W.D.Evans
February 1, 2008
Abstract
The norm of an integral operator occurring in the partial wave decom-
position of an operator B introduced by Brown and Ravenhall in a model
for relativistic one-electron atoms is determined. The result implies that
B is non-negative and has no eigenvalue at 0 when the nuclear charge
does not exceed a specified critical value.
1 Introduction
The operator referred to in the title is defined on L2(0,∞) by
(Tφ)(x) :=
∫ ∞
0
t(x, y)φ(y)dy, 0 x ∞, (1. 1)
where,
t(x, y) = 12
??
?
√√
x2 + 1 + 1
x2 + 1
g0(x/y)
√√
y2 + 1 + 1
y2 + 1
+
√√
x2 + 1? 1
x2 + 1
g1(x/y)
√√
y2 + 1? 1
y2 + 1
??
? (1. 2)
with
g0(u) = log
∣∣∣∣u+ 1u? 1
∣∣∣∣ , g1(u) = 12
(
u+
1
u
)
log
∣∣∣∣u+ 1u? 1
∣∣∣∣? 1, u 0.
To describe its role in relativistic stability, we require some background informa-
tion. It is well-known that the Dirac operator describing relativistic one-particle
1
systems is unbounded below, and that problems occur when it is extended as
a model for multi-particle systems. The root of the problem is that the Dirac
operator describes two different particles, namely electrons and positrons. In
the paper [2] Brown and Ravenhall overcame this difficulty by projecting onto
the electron subspaces only. Specifically, for a relativistic electron in the field
of its nucleus, their operator is
B := Λ+(D0 ? e
2Z
| · | )Λ+. (1. 3)
The notation in (1.3) is as follows:
? D0 is the free Dirac operator
D0 = cα · h?
i
?+mc2β ≡
3∑
j=1
c
h?
i
αj
?
?xj
+mc2β
where α := (α1, α2, α3) and β are the Dirac matrices given by
αj =
(
02 σj
σj 02
)
, β =
(
12 02
02 ?12
)
with 02, 12 the zero and unit 2× 2 matrices respectively, and σj the Pauli
matrices
σ1 =
(
0 1
1 0
)
, σ2 =
(
0 ?i
i 0
)
, σ3 =
(
1 0
0 ?1
)
;
? Λ+ denotes the projection of L2(R3)?C4 onto the positive spectral sub
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