On the Polyharmonic Operator with a Periodic Potential.pdf

a r X i v : m a t h - p h / 0 5 1 2 0 0 8 v 1 5 D e c 2 0 0 5 On the Polyharmonic Operator with a Periodic Potential O. A. Veliev Dept. of Math, Fen-Ed. Fak, Dogus University., Acibadem, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: oveliev@dogus.edu.tr Abstract In this paper we obtain the asymptotic formulas of arbitrary order for the Bloch eigenvalues and Bloch functions of the d-dimensional polyhar- monic operator L(l, q(x)) = (??)l + q(x) with periodic, with respect to arbitrary lattice, potential q(x), where l ≥ 1 and d ≥ 2. Then we prove that the number of gaps in the spectrum of the operator L(l, q(x)) is finite. In particular, taking l = 1, we get the proof of the Bethe -Sommerfeld conjecture for arbitrary dimension and arbitrary lattice. 1 Introduction In this paper we consider the operator L(l, q(x)) = (??)l + q(x), x ∈ Rd, d ≥ 2, l ≥ 1 (1) with a periodic (relative to a lattice ?) potential q(x) ∈ W s2 (F ), where s ≥ s0 = 3d?12 (3d+d+2)+ 14d3d+d+6, F ≡ Rd/? is a fundamental domain of ?. Without loss of generality it can be assumed that the measure μ(F ) of F is 1 and ∫ F q(x)dx = 0. Let Lt(l, q(x)) be the operator generated in F by (1) and the conditions: u(x+ ω) = ei(t,ω)u(x), ?ω ∈ ?, (2) where t ∈ F ? ≡ Rd/Γ and Γ is the lattice dual to ?, that is, Γ is the set of all vectors γ ∈ Rd satisfying (γ, ω) ∈ 2πZ for all ω ∈ ?. It is well-known that the spectrum of the operator Lt(l, q(x)) consists of the eigenvalues Λ1(t) ≤ Λ2(t) ≤ ....The function Λn(t) is called n-th band function and its range An = {Λn(t) : t ∈ F ?} is called the n-th band of the spectrum Spec(L) of L and Spec(L) = ∪∞n=1An. The eigenfunction Ψn,t(x) of Lt(l, q(x)) correspond- ing to the eigenvalue Λn(t) is known as Bloch functions. In the case q(x) = 0 these eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are | γ + t |2l and ei(γ+t,x) for γ ∈ Γ. 1 This paper consists of 4 section. First section is the introduction, where we describe briefly the scheme of this paper and discuss the related papers. Let the potent