高中数学集合与常用逻辑用语命题和其联系_充分条件与必要条件.ppt

第二节　命题及其关系、充分条件与必要条件 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．命题的概念 用语言、符号或式子表达的，可以____________的陈述句叫做命题，其中判断为真的语句叫做_________，判断为假的语句叫做__________． 判断真假 真命题 假命题 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2．四种命题及其关系 (1)四种命题间的相互关系： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)四种命题的真假关系 ①两个命题互为逆否命题，它们有_______的真假性； ②两个命题互为逆命题或互为否命题，它们的真假性 _______________． 3．充分条件与必要条件 (1)如果p?q，则p是q的_____条件，q是p的_____条件． (2)如果p?q，那么p与q互为_____________． (3)如果pD/?q，且qD/?p，则p是q的 _______________________． 相同 没有关系 充分 必要 充要条件 既不充分又不必要条件 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．“命题的否定”就是“否命题”这种判断是否正确？为什么？ 【提示】　不正确，①概念不同，命题的否定是直接对命题的结论否定；否命题是对原命题的条件和结论分别否定．②构成不同，对于“若p，则q”形式的命题，命题的否定为“若p，则綈q”；其否命题是“若綈p，则綈q”，③真值不同，命题的否定与原命题真假相反；而否命题与原命题真假无关． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【提示】　由逆命题为真，知q p；逆否命题为假，知p q；故p是q的必要不充分条件． 2．命题“若p，则q”的逆命题为真，逆否命题为假，则p是q的什么条件？ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2