谷类-豆类耕作系统的可持续性发展.pptVIP

Sustainable Intensification of Cereal-Legume Farming Systems in the Sudano-Sahelian Savanna Zone of Ghana A.Y Kamara Systems Agronomist IITA-Kano Sustainable Intensification of Cereal-based Farming Systems in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa: Project Design Workshop, Tamale, Ghana, 9-12 January 2012 Introduction The northern Regions of Ghana are characterized by small land holdings of low input-output farming systems This adversely impact food security in terms of availability, access and quality The crops in the Ghana savannas are often produced in production systems in which soil natural resources are steadily depleted Effects of continous monocropping decreasing soil organic matter contents increasing populations of chronic parasitic weeds (eg. Striga spp.) reduced soil biological diversity enhanced risk of erosion, and annual nutrient losses Average on-farm maize yields (1-2t/ha) are well below on-station yields (6-8t/ha) production systems Highlights of biophysical constraints Striga effect on sorghum Striga effect on maize Striga effect on cowpea Striga effect on rice Highlights of biophysical constraints Alectra effect on cowpea Striga effect on cowpea Drought effect on maize Drought effect on soybean Highlights of biophysical constraints Highlights of biophysical constraints Poor soil fertility Effects of continous monocropping The poverty profile also depicts the three northern regions as the most poverty stricken and hunger spots in Ghana Gender inequalities are also apparent in these regions where women have less access to resources and capacity to generate income Infrastructure development in marketing and transport, access to social services, such as education and health are poor in the three northern regions Drivers of Food insecurity in northern Ghana Erratic rainfall distribution and recurrent drought, Floods and crop failures leading to poor yields, High post-harvest losses, Lack of improved storage structures and market fo