Basic Strategies of Translation 异化和归化.doc

Basic Strategies of Translation Translation Strategies ---- a set of (loosely formulated) rules or principles which a translator uses to reach the goals determined by the translating situation in the most effective way. (Jaaskelainen) I. Two Basic Strategies of Translation 1. Domestication Foreignization (1) Schleiermacher’s Comment (1813) Either the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him; or he leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him. (2) Venuti’s Definition (1995) Domestication ---- an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to (Anglo-American) target-language cultural values, bringing the author back home. Foreignization ---- an ethno deviant pressure on those (TL cultural) values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad. 2. Domestication / Foreignization vs. Free / Literal Translation Free / Literal Translation is on the linguistic level Domestication / Foreignization is more concerned with the cultural level II. Factors Conditioning the Choice of Strategies 1. Text Types 1) Nutrition Information：B-Complex is a combination of B-Vitamins, which helps convert food into energy and maintain normal nervous system function. This product contains 100% of the US Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of folate. Studies show folate helps men and women maintain normal cardiovascular system function. Adequate folate in healthful diets may reduce a womens risk of having a child with brain or spinal cord birth defects. 2) She was a striking woman, a little short and thick for symmetry, but with a beautiful olive complexion, large dark Italian eyes, and a wealth of deep black hair. 安娜貌颇映丽，肤色雪白，柔腻如凝脂，双眸点漆，似意大利产。斜波流媚，轻盈动人，而鬈毛压额，厥色深墨，状尤美观。性体略短削，微嫌美中不足。 她是一个异常惹人注目的女子，身材略嫌矮胖，显得有些不匀称，但她有美丽的橄榄色面容，一双乌黑的意大利人的大眼睛，一头乌云般的黑发。 3) April is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring