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2008-Bone Marrow–derived Cells and Stem Cells in lung repair
State of the Art
Bone Marrow–derived Cells and Stem Cells in
Lung Repair
Diane S. Krause1
1Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Although it has been many years since publication of the first peer-
reviewed studies showing that bone marrow (BM)–derived cells can
become mature-appearing epithelial cells, we still know very little
regardingthemechanisms,kinetics, cells, andpotential clinicalutility
or pathology associated with this phenomenon. The initial discovery
of BM-derived epithelial cells (BMDE) in the liver was published
by Petersen and colleagues (Petersen BE, Bowen WC, Patrene KD,
Mars WM, Sullivan AK, Murase N, Boggs SS, Greenberger JS, Goff JP.
Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells. Science
1999;284:1168–1170). Since that time, BMDE were identified in the
skin, eye, GI tract, kidney, and the lung. Surprisingly, once several
laboratories started to examine the effects of BM cells after tissue
injury, BM-derived cells of different types were found to decrease
tissue injury and enhance tissue repair, often without engraftment of
marrow-derived epithelial cells. Thus, the potentially beneficial
effects of BM-derived cells in some tissue microenvironments may
be unrelated to differentiation into nonhematopoietic cell types.
Here, I focus on recent findings from my laboratory as well as several
other laboratories on the effects of BM cells on lung damage, and
BMDE in the lung, including tracheal epithelial cells, bronchiolar
epithelial cells, and type II pneumocytes in the alveoli. Potential
mechanisms underlying the appearance of marrow-derived epithe-
lial cells, and the role of tissue damage are discussed.
Keywords: stem cells; plasticity; tissue repair
TISSUE DAMAGE IS NECESSARY FOR APPEARANCE
OF BONE MARROW–DERIVED EPITHELIAL CELLS
IN THE LUNG
In many of the studies using bone marrow (BM) transplantation
to study the BM to epithelial transition, BM-derived epithelial
ce
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