Absence of linear polarization in Halpha emission of solar flares.pdf

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Absence of linear polarization in Halpha emission of solar flares.pdf

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Absence of linear polarization in Halpha emission of solar flares

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 5 0 2 2 6 3 v 1 1 4 F e b 2 0 0 5 Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. 1654bian February 2, 2008 (DOI: will be inserted by hand later) Absence of linear polarization in Hα emission of solar flares M. Bianda1,2, A.O. Benz2, J.O. Stenflo2,3, G. Ku?veler4, and R. Ramelli1 1 IRSOL, CH-6605 Locarno-Monti, Switzerland 2 Institute of Astronomy, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zu?rich, Switzerland 3 Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zu?rich, Switzerland 4 Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, Am Bru?ckweg 26, D-65428 Ru?sselsheim, Germany Received July 13, 2004 ; accepted January 17, 2005 Abstract. High sensitivity observations of Hα polarization of 30 flares of different sizes and disk positions are reported. Both filter and spectrographic techniques have been used. The ZIMPOL system eliminates spurious polarizations due to seeing and flat-field effects. We didn’t find any clear linear polarization signature above our sensitivity level which was usually better than 0.1%. The observations include an X17.1 flare with gamma-ray lines reported by the RHESSI satellite. These results cast serious doubts on previous claims of linear polarization at the one percent level and more, attributed to impact polarization. The absence of linear polarization limits the anisotropy of energetic protons in the Hα emitting region. The likely causes are isotropization by collisions with neutrals in the chromosphere and defocusing by the converging magnetic field. Key words. Sun: impact polarization - Sun: flares - Sun: polarimetry 1. Introduction Linear polarization of the Hα line emission of solar flares has been reported in numerous papers of the past. He?noux Chambe (1990) and He?noux et al. (1990) made pi- oneering contributions. Metcalf et al. (1992, 1994) and Vogt He?noux (1999) found flare polarization with imag- ing spectrographs, and in the latter work a correlation in time with soft X-ray emission was reported. Vogt, Sahal- Bre?chot, He?