Evidence for nucleosynthesis in supernova $gamma$-process Universal scaling on p-nuclei.pdf

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Evidence for nucleosynthesis in supernova $gamma$-process Universal scaling on p-nuclei.pdf

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Evidence for nucleosynthesis in supernova $gamma$-process Universal scaling on p-nuclei

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 4 0 9 3 9 5 v 2 2 8 S e p 2 0 0 4 To appear in Phyisical Review Letters, in October Evidence for nucleosynthesis in supernova γ-process: Universal scaling on p-nuclei T. Hayakawa1,3, N. Iwamoto2, T. Shizuma1, T. Kajino3,4, H. Umeda4, and K. Nomoto4 1Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan. 2Department of Nuclear Energy System, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan. 3National Astronomical Observatory, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan. 4Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. (Dated: February 2, 2008) Abstract With analyzing the solar system abundance, we have found two universal scaling laws concerning the p- and s-nuclei. They indicate that the γ-process in supernova (SN) explosions is the most promising origin of the p-nuclei that has been discussed with many possible nuclear reactions and sites for about fifty years. In addition the scalings provide new concepts: an universality of the γ-process and a new nuclear cosmochronometer. We have carried out γ-process nucleosynthesis calculations for typical core-collapse SN explosion models and the results satisfy the observed scalings. PACS numbers: 26.30.+k; 98.80.Ft; 91.65.Dt 1 The solar system abundance ratio is an important record of stellar nucleosynthesis and the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Stable elements heavier than iron in the solar system are classified into three groups in the nuclear chart, as 1) the main nuclei located near the β-stability line, 2) the isolated neutron-rich nuclei, and 3) the neutron-deficient nuclei. The first and second groups are inferred to be synthesized via two different neutron-capture re- action chains, i.e. the slow neutron-capture process (s-process) along the β-stability line, and the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) in the neutron-rich side. The solar sys- tem abundance shows specifi