Freeze out in hydrodynamical models.pdf

a r X i v : n u c l - t h / 9 8 0 6 0 0 4 v 2 2 8 J a n 1 9 9 9 Freeze out in hydrodynamical models Cs. Anderlik,1,2 L.P. Csernai,1,2,3 F. Grassi,4 W. Greiner,2 Y. Hama,4 T. Kodama,5 Zs.I. La?za?r,1,2,6 V.K. Magas1 and H. Sto?cker2 1Section for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway 2 Institut fu?r Theoretische Physik, Universita?t Frankfurt Robert-Mayer-Str. 8-10, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 49, 1525 Budapest, Hungary 4Instituto de F??sica, Universidade de Sao Paulo CP 66318, 05389-970 Sa?o Paulo-SP, Brazil 5Instituto de F??sica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro CP 68528, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil 6Department of Physics, Babes?-Bolyai University Str. M. Koga?lniceanu nr. 1, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania Version R1.04 Jan. 25, 1999 Abstract: We study the effects of strict conservation laws and the problem of negative contributions to final momentum distribution during the freeze out through 3-dimensional hypersurfaces with space-like normal. We study some suggested solutions for this problem, and demonstrate it on one example. PACS: 24.10.Nz, 25.75.-q Keywords: freeze out; particle spectra, conservation laws. 1. Introduction Fluid dynamical models, especially their simpler versions are very popular in heavy ion physics, because they con- nect directly collective macroscopic matter properties, like the Equation of State (EoS) or transport properties, to measurables. Particles which leave the system and reach the detectors, can be taken into account via source (drain) terms in the 4-dimensional space-time based on kinetic considerations, or in a more simplified way via freeze out (FO) or final break-up schemes, where the frozen out particles are formed on a 3-dimensional hypersurface in space-time. This information is then used as input to compute measurables such as two-particle correlation, transverse-, longitudinal-,