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Improved self-organization with an alternative inhibition gradient in CALMMap networks, Con
1Improved Self-Organization with an Alternative Inhibition
Gradient in CALMMap Networks
Adriaan Tijsseling
Abstract
Phaf, Den Dulk, Tijsseling Lebert (2001) described a self-organizing variant of the CALM modular
neural network model (Murre, Phaf, Wolters, 1992), which has been coined CALMMap. The self-
organization mechanism is driven by a specific inhibition gradient formula. The disadvantage of this
formula is that it introduces new parameters and is not optimally adjusted to the size of a module. This
research note provides an alternative for this inhibition gradient formula with the benefits that it
performs autonomously. In other words, no extra parameters are introduced and the strength of
inhibition adapts to the size of a module. Simulations are described to show the effectiveness of the
alternative inhibition gradient function.
1 Introduction
CALMMap has been introduced by Phaf, Den Dulk, Tijsseling Lebert (2001) as a
self-organizing extension to the Categorization-And-Learning-Module network by
Murre, Phaf Wolters (1992). CALMMap shows some practical improvements over
both the classic version of the self-organizing feature map of Kohonen (1988) and the
standard CALM network. CALMMap needs no external regulating mechanisms, but
is capable of dynamically adjusting its learning rate on the basis of the degree of
detected novelty, and shrinks its “activity-bubble” without adjusting the inhibitory
weights (Phaf et al., 2001). Activations in CALMMap are also determined by a
weighted-sum rule instead of by an Euclidean distance measure, allowing for
improved separation between representations. A drawback with CALMMap is that the
function that is used to create the inhibition gradient of the intramodular weights from
veto-nodes to representation-nodes (for details see Section 2) introduces three extra
parameters that needs to be fine-tuned for each module. In this report, we provide an
alternative that does not introduce extra parameters and also generates an
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