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Non-native plant invasions of United States National Parks
ORIGINAL PAPER
Non-native plant invasions of United States National Parks
Julia A. Allen ? Cynthia S. Brown ?
Thomas J. Stohlgren
Received: 31 March 2008 / Accepted: 24 September 2008 / Published online: 10 October 2008
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008
Abstract The United States National Park Service
was created to protect and make accessible to the
public the nation’s most precious natural resources
and cultural features for present and future genera-
tions. However, this heritage is threatened by the
invasion of non-native plants, animals, and patho-
gens. To evaluate the scope of invasions, the USNPS
has inventoried non-native plant species in the 216
parks that have significant natural resources, docu-
menting the identity of non-native species. We
investigated relationships among non-native plant
species richness, the number of threatened and
endangered plant species, native species richness,
latitude, elevation, park area and park corridors and
vectors. Parks with many threatened and endangered
plants and high native plant species richness also had
high non-native plant species richness. Non-native
plant species richness was correlated with number of
visitors and kilometers of backcountry trails and
rivers. In addition, this work reveals patterns that can
be further explored empirically to understand the
underlying mechanisms.
Keywords Non-native plant species
United States National Park Service
Invasion Invasive species
Exotic plant species management
Abbreviations
USNPS United States National Park Service
US United States
NR-MAP Natural Resource Management
Assessment Program
Introduction
The United States National Park Service (USNPS)
was created to protect natural resources and cultural
features in National Parks Service lands selected for
their beauty, uniqueness, and American historical
value, and to make these resources available to the
public. However, this heritage is threatened by the
invasion of non-native plants, animals and patho
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