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Thermal Freeze-out and Longitudinally Non-uniform Collective Expansion Flow in Relativistic.pdf

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Thermal Freeze-out and Longitudinally Non-uniform Collective Expansion Flow in Relativistic

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 0 0 0 7 0 2 8 v 1 4 J u l 2 0 0 0 HZPP-0005 July 5, 2000 Thermal Freeze-out and Longitudinally Non-uniform Collective Expansion Flow in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions1 FENG Shengqin, LIU Feng and LIU Lianshou Institute of Particle Physics, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China ABSTRACT The non-uniform longitudinal flow model (NUFM) propsed recently is extended to include also transverse flow. The resulting longitudinally non- uniform collective expansion model (NUCEM) is applied to the calculation of rapidity distribution of kaons, lambdas and protons in relativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN-SPS energies. The model results are compared with the 200 A GeV/c S-S and 158 A GeV/c Pb-Pb collision data. The central dips observed in experiments are reproduced in a natural way. PACS number(s): 25.75.-q 1Work supported in part by the NSFC under project I. Introduction Relativistic heavy-ion collision offers a unique opportunity to study the hot and dense matter under controlled laboratory conditions [1]. Hadronic spectra from these re- actions reflect the dynamic of the hot and dense zone formed in the collision. The baryon density, established early in the reaction, is an important factor governing the evolution of the system. Comparison of model predictions with measured rapidity and transverse momentum distributions constrains the possible dynamical scenarios of the reaction, such as those for longitudinal and transverse flow. In addition, the mechanism by which the incoming nucleons lose momentum during collision (baryon stopping) is an important theoretical problem [2]. The rich physics of longitudinal and transverse flows is due to their sensitivity to the system evolution at early time. Due to the high pressure of the system created during a heavy-ion collision, particles might be boosted in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The expansion and cooling of the heated and highly compressed matter could l