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Units
Constants, Units and Conversions (? S. O. Kasap, 1990 - 2001: v.1.0) 1
An e-Booklet
Constants, Units and Conversions
Safa Kasap
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Saskatchewan
Canada
1. Atomic Mass and Avogadro’s Number
Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic mass number (A ) is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. If Z is the atomic
number and N is the neutron number then A = Z + N.
Atomic mass unit (amu or u) is a convenient atomic mass unit that is equal to
1
/
12
of the mass of a
neutral carbon atom which has a mass number A = 12 (6 protons and 6 neutrons). It has been found that u
= 1.66054 × 10
?27
kg. It is equivalent to 10
-3
/N
A
where N
A
= 6.022 × 10
23
is called Avogadro’s number.
Atomic mass (or relative atomic mass or atomic weight, M
at
) of an element is the average
atomic mass, in atomic mass units (u), of all the naturally occurring isotopes of the element. Atomic
masses are listed in the Periodic Table. The amount of an element which has 6.022 × 10
23
atoms
(Avogadro’s number of atoms) has a mass in grams equal to the atomic mass. This means we can express
the atomic mass as grams per unit mole, g mol
-1
.
Avogadros number (N
A
) is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of Carbon-12. It is 6.022 ×
10
23
. Since atomic mass is defined as
1
/
12
of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, N
A
number of atoms of any
substance has a mass equal to the atomic mass M
at
in grams.
Mole of a substance is that amount of the substance which contains N
A
number of atoms (or molecules)
where N
A
is Avogadros number (6.022 × 10
23
). One mole of a substance has a mass as much as its
atomic (molecular) mass in grams. For example, 1 mole of copper contains 6.022 × 10
23
number of
copper atoms and has a mass of 63.55 grams.
Problem: Molecular mass and mass of molecule
Find the molecular mass and the mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) given that the atomic mass
of O is
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