The Daugavet equation for operators not fixing a copy of $C(S)$.pdf

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The Daugavet equation for operators not fixing a copy of $C(S)$.pdf

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The Daugavet equation for operators not fixing a copy of $C(S)$

a r X i v : m a t h / 9 6 0 6 2 1 1 v 1 [ m a t h .F A ] 1 2 J u n 1 9 9 6 The Daugavet equation for operators not fixing a copy of C(S) Lutz Weis and Dirk Werner Abstract. We prove the norm identity ‖Id + T ‖ = 1 + ‖T ‖, which is known as the Daugavet equation, for operators T on C(S) not fixing a copy of C(S), where S is a compact metric space without isolated points. 1. Introduction An operator T : X → X on a Banach space is said to satisfy the Daugavet equation if ‖Id+ T‖ = 1 + ‖T‖; (1.1) this terminology is derived from Daugavet’s theorem that a compact oper- ator on C[0, 1] satisfies (1.1). Many authors have established the Daugavet equation for various classes of operators, e.g., the weakly compact ones, on various spaces; we refer to [1], [2], [4], [7], [10], [11], [13] and the references in these papers for more information. The most far-reaching result for operators on L1[0, 1] is due to Plichko and Popov [7, Th. 9.2 and Th. 9.8] who prove that an operator on L1[0, 1] which does not fix a copy of L1[0, 1] satisfies the Daugavet equation. (As usual, T : X → X fixes a copy of a Banach space E if there is a subspace F ? X isomorphic to E such that T |F is an (into-) isomorphism.) In this paper we shall establish the corresponding result for operators on spaces of continuous functions. Theorem 1.1 Let (S, d) be a compact metric space without isolated points. If T : C(S) → C(S) does not fix a copy of C(S), then T satisfies the Daugavet equation. 2 Lutz Weis and Dirk Werner In the next section we shall provide a direct proof of this theorem which is measure theoretic in spirit, and in Section 3 we shall give another argument which relies on a deep result due to Rosenthal [8]. Though this proof is much shorter it is less revealing than the one in Section 2; therefore we found it worthwhile to present both arguments. Either of our approaches depends on the analysis of the representing kernel of an operator T : C(S) → C(S); this is the family of Borel measu