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Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61.pdf

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Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 6 0 1 5 3 4 v 1 2 4 J a n 2 0 0 6 Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61 K.M Barkume, M.E. Brown, and E.L. Schaller Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 barkume@caltech.edu, mbrown@caltech.edu, emily@caltech.edu ABSTRACT We have obtained a near infrared spectrum of the brightest satellite of the large Kuiper Belt Object, 2003 EL61. The spectrum has absorption features at 1.5 and 2.0 microns, indicating that water ice is present on the surface. We find that the satellite’s absorption lines are much deeper than water ice features typically found on Kuiper Belt Objects. We argue that the unusual spectrum indicates that the satellite was likely formed by impact and not by capture. Subject headings: comets: general – infrared: solar system – minor planets 1. Introduction Satellites in the Kuiper Belt provide unique insights into the internal properties of icy bodies as well as the early dynamical history of the trans-Neptunian region. To date, over a dozen satellites have been found around Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) and the overall satellite fraction is estimated to be 11±5 2 % (Stephens et al., 2005). The first KBO satellites discovered (excluding the Pluto-Charon system) were found to have high eccentricities, large orbital separations, and have similar brightness to the primary, indicating that the satellites are nearly as large as their parent. Various capture mechanisms were proposed to account for the high specific angular momentum of these systems (Goldreich et al., 2002). Recently, Brown et al. (2006) have found several satellites around the largest known KBOs, and these satellites appear to be different than those discussed above. The satellite fraction appears to be higher around large KBOs and, like the Pluto-Charon system, the satellites have lower fractional brightness compared to the primary. The orbit of the brightest satellite around 2