環境的道德观.pptVIP

環境的道德觀 張保興 副教授 淡江大學水資源暨環境工程學系 1999年9月21日凌晨1時47分，集集車站內的大鐘走到這個時間，就停住了。 /SPECIAL_ISSUE/FOCUSNEWS/921-2000/index.htm 在921大地震中許多大樓應聲倒下，而未倒的危樓更超出百棟以上 。在這些倒塌的斷垣殘壁中，赫然發現沙拉油桶及報紙充斥在樑柱之間，頓時使隱藏幾十年的建築偷工減料問題浮出檯面。 公共建築損毀比率較民間建築高，可能因低價得標制度或監督欠嚴謹或其他原因導致品質粗糙等因素所造成。 921大地震後教育部有如下之來函 教育部 書函 主旨：為提昇我國大學校院土木、建築、水利、環境工程相關系所學生之工作倫理與職業道德，建議各校開設相關課程內容上充實相關知能，請 查照。 發文日期：1/24/’00 發文字號：台(89)高(4)字 為何討論環境的道德觀？ 其邏輯為： 人類的價值觀塑造人類的未來， 而道德感又是人類價值觀的一重要部份， 故道德感之強與弱將會影響到人類之未來。 故本人將針對萬物之未來，進行探討道德心之重要。 DesJardins, JosephR., Environmental ethics: an introduction to environmental philosophy, Wadsworth, 1993. Outline Introduction Traditional ethical assumptions Environmental ethics The utilitarian’s view Difficulties and challenges against utilitarian Ethical issues in economic analysis of environmental problems Does economic analysis distort or ignore environmental issues? Some background: want and preference, willingness to pay, allocative efficiency, belief and value. Sagoff’s three challenges against economic methods Introduction Human desires: Trouble, environmentally: It may cause species extinction and many other problems. 中藥 --- 如虎骨、犀牛角等（滋陰補陽、以毒攻毒） 吃稀有動物 （吃什麼補什麼的觀念） --- 如熊膽(bear bile)、熊掌、虎骨、虎鞭、燕窩等 吃孕婦流產或墮胎的胚胎，據說是大大補 用象牙、珊瑚等物品 穿獸皮衣 The hope Science and technology do solve many problems for us. Nuclear fusion, genetic technology, ... No desires ? no market demands ? no ecological destructions Introduction --- three myths (錯誤的觀念) The first myth The hope that science and technology solve everything for us. Science and technology, in some cases, solve problems locally, but cause harmful effect globally in the long term, e.g., green house effect (CO2), ozone depletion (CFC), DDT, detergent (ABS).... Introduction --- three mythsThe second myth The experts’ opinion --- people believe the experts in science and technology know best and trust them. Evidence shows that expert usually has a tendency of overconfidence. Expert’s personal value may be narrow, improper or ev