3种标准发芽试验方法对玉米种子发芽的影响汇编.doc

3种标准发芽试验方法对玉米种子发芽的影响 方永丰 （甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃·兰州,730070） 摘要：以郑单958种子为材料，在种子发芽期间进行补水和干旱两种水分管理模式，对国内外广泛采用的BP-纸间法、S-沙床法和先锋BP-纸间法3种发芽试验方法检测结果的准确性、操作过程的标准化及幼苗形态指标进行了分析比较。结果表明：在相同温度下，水分是影响种子发芽试验结果的关键性因素，国内普遍采用的BP-纸间法和S-沙床法，在补水处理下发芽率为93%和92%，变异系数为2.82%和5.82%；在干旱处理下，发芽率较低，分别为92%和89%，且重复间差异较大，变异系数为4.71%和6.43%；先锋BP-纸间法发芽率为96%，重复间差异较小，变异系数仅为1.00%；三种试验方法在不同处理下，幼苗苗长、根长及鲜重差异均极显著。认为，先锋BP-纸间法操作标准化、管理规范，是一种快捷、准确、值得推广的玉米发芽试验方法。 关键词：玉米；标准发芽试验 中图分类号：S513 文献标志码：A Effects of three normal germination test methods on seed germination in maize FANG Yong-feng (Department of Agronomy, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070) Abstract: With zhengdan 958 maize hybrids as experimental material, Treatments of Water and drought were used to study the accuracy of the results, the standardization of operating process, morphological index of seedlings with PIONEER-BP, GB-BP and GB-S. The results demonstrated that, water is a key factor affecting germination test in maize, at the same temperature. Germination percentage of GB-BP and GB-S were 93% and 92%, coefficient of variation was 2.82% and 5.82% under water conditions, however, germination percentage was lower 92% and 89%, coefficient of variation was 4.71% and 6.43% higher than normal water conditions under drought conditions. germination percentage of PIONEER-BP was more accurate 96%, coefficient of variation was lower 1.00%. seedling length, fresh weight and dry weight had significant difference under the different testaments in maize. So, the operation process and management method of PIONEER-BP are more standard and specification, and it is a fast, accurate, worthy of promotion method of germination test in maize. Keywords: Maize(Zea mays L.); Germination test 前言 种子是农业生产最基本的生产资料，也是一种不可替代的商品。种子质量的高低不仅影响良种特性的发挥，而且直接关系到农业生产的丰歉[1]。统一、标准的发芽试验方法是保证检验公证性、可靠性的前提条件，也是保证种子质量的主要手段[2,3]。每年因发芽问题引发的质量争议时有发生，且发芽率问题在整个质量争议的投诉中比重最大[4]。因此，如何提高发芽试验操作过程的标准化和检测结果的准确性，对于控制劣种下地、保苗增产、保护农民合法权益、维护种子经营单位信誉及种子管理部门实施种子质量监督抽查至关重要[4]。 由于水分、温度、氧气是种子萌发