1 Time Frequency Signal Representations.pdf

1Time Frequency Signal Representations Yanjun, Yan yayan@ 04/23/2003 2 Key Questions What is Time-Frequency Representation (TFR)? Why do we need TFR? How can we do TFR analysis? 3 Recall Fourier Transform Fourier Transform can help us represent a signal either in time domain or in frequency domain, but it can not represent a signal in two domains at the same time. It’s true that sometimes we can extract certain information about one domain by the representation in the other domain, but in other situations we can not do that. 4 Relation in Time and Frequency Representations In Frequency Modulation, there’s only one single frequency at each time point and we can differentiate the signal’s instantaneous phase to get the instantaneous frequency [1]. tx xdt dtf arg 2 1)( π = In FIR filter design, we purposely delay some desirable impulse response to make it causal, and the resultant linear time invariant system has a group delay. We can differentiate the phase of its frequency response to get the group delay [1]. )(arg 2 1)( fX df dftx π ?= 5 Problems Yes, by Time-Frequency Representations (TFR) ! TFR is a mapping of a signal above time-frequency plane to show us what frequency components are present at a time point and during what time a frequency component presents. 1. What if there’re two or more frequency components at one time point or two or more delay contributions at one frequency? 2. Can we link the two domains to show multiple components at single time point or single frequency? 6 Radar Uncertainty Principle ? F ? F )(2)( 00 wwe tjw ?= πδ djwt d ett ?=? ))((δ The Fourier pair of a frequency impulse is an infinite- duration sinusoidal wave; and the Fourier pair of a time impulse has infinite bandwidth. Recall ! We can not localize a signal at a time-frequency point. If the signal’s effective time duration is , and its effective bandwidth is , then . α Radar Uncertainty Principle [4] β παβ ≥ 27 What Kind of TFR Exists? T