Cosmological Constant Probing Shape Moduli through Large Extra Dimensions.pdf

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Cosmological Constant Probing Shape Moduli through Large Extra Dimensions.pdf

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Cosmological Constant Probing Shape Moduli through Large Extra Dimensions

a r X i v : h e p - t h / 0 4 0 4 1 2 1 v 5 2 6 M a y 2 0 0 6 KUNS-1857 hep-th/0404121 Cosmological Constant Probing Shape Moduli through Large Extra Dimensions Satoshi Matsuda? and Shigenori Seki?? Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan abstract We consider compactification of extra dimensions and numerically calculate Casimir energy which is provided by the mass of Kaluza-Klein modes. For the extra space we consider a torus with shape moduli and show that the corresponding vacuum energy is represented as a function of the moduli parameter of the extra dimensions. By assuming that the Casimir energy may be identified with cosmological constant, we evaluate the size of extra dimensions in terms of the recent data given by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) measurement and the supernovae observations. We suggest that the observed cosmological constant may probe the shape moduli of the extra space by the study of the Casimir energy of the compactified extra dimensions. ? matsuda@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp ? seki@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp ? Moved from Theoretical Physics Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako 351, Japan on April 1, 2004. 1. Introduction Extra dimensions have been introduced in order to solve the hierarchy problem [1], and a lot of related works including the milestone papers [1–4] and later developments [5–9] have been done. In these approaches, gauge fields are localized on a four dimensional brane, which is regarded as our real world, and only a graviton can propagate in the extra space, which is transverse to the brane. When the extra space is compact, there exist the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton. They contribute to Casimir energy on the four dimensional brane. On the other hand, the origin of cosmological constant is also a standing problem. Recently the supernovae [10,11] and WMAP [12,13] observations have revealed some pa- rameters of our universe.