L2 Surveying 勘察.pdfVIP

刘克瑾 河南工业大学 土木建筑学院 土木工程专业英语 Lesson 2 Surveying ? Text A Aerial surveys ?航空勘测 ? Text B Location Surveys ?定线测量;定测 ?Alignment，final location survey ? Text C Plane Surveys ?平面测量 surveying [s?`ve??] n. 测量； Aerial [?r??l] ? Aerial photography ? satellite remote sensing images ? 舟曲卫星影像图 ? [1]/[6] Aerial photographs have become most valuable tools in the hands of the highway engineer. They are very useful visual aids in technical conferences and at public hearings, and they are also very valuable in seeking the most suitable topographic location for the highway. Additional qualifying factors which can be determined by a skilled interpreter are as follows: (1) Locate sand and gravel deposits, borrow pits, and rock areas suitable for quarrying. (2) Rate soil-bearing capacities as good, fair or poor. (3) Outline soils as to their texture, and estimate the depth of organic deposits. (4) Classify bedrock as to physical types and their relative depths below the surface. (5) Estimate depth of glacial drift and wind-blown material. (6) Estimate hydrological factors. (7) Delineate active and potential areas involving problems such as sink holes, slides, rock falls and frost heave. (8) Locate underground utilities placed by cut-and-cover methods. ? aerial photograph [fot?ɡr?f] [摄] 航空照片；[摄] 航摄像 片 ? visual [‘v??j??l; -zj-] adj. 视觉的，视力的 ? Visual aids 直观教具 ? conference [‘k?nf?r?nsis] n. （学术）会议；正式讨论会； ? Seminar n. 讨论会 ? Group meeting 小组会议 ? public hearing 公众听证会 ? qualify [‘kwɑl?,fa?] vt. 限制；使具有资格；证明…合格 vi. 取得资格，有资格 ? qualifying adj. 使具有资格的 ? topographic [,t?p?‘ɡr?f?k] adj. 地形测量的；地形学上的 ? as to 至于，关于；就而论 ? outline [‘a?tla?n] n. 轮廓；大纲；概要；略图 vt. 概述；描 画轮廓 ? rate [re?t] Vt. 评价, 评估 ? interpreter [?n‘t??pr?t?] n. 解释者 ? Cut-and-cover methods 随挖随填法 ? frost[fr?st] vt. 结霜于；冻坏 vi. 结霜；受冻 n. 霜；冰冻， ? frost heave冻胀 ?Seepage pit VS. sinkhole ? seepage pit 无极皮革污染 ? Sink hole ? [卫报]世界各地的灰岩坑 ? 001.Taichung, Taiwan, 1999: A man looks at an arthquake- opened sinkhole filled with molasses spille