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Light-cone divergence in twist-3 correlation functions.pdf

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Light-cone divergence in twist-3 correlation functions

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 0 6 0 4 0 2 2 v 2 1 2 J u l 2 0 0 6 Light-cone divergence in twist-3 correlation functions L.P. Gamberga, D.S. Hwangb, A. Metzc, and M. Schlegelc aDivision of Science, Penn State Berks, Reading, PA 19610, USA bDepartment of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 143–747, Korea cInstitut fu?r Theoretische Physik II, Ruhr-Universita?t Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany February 7, 2008 Abstract It is argued that the definition of the twist-3 transverse momentum dependent correlation func- tions must be modified if they contain light-like Wilson lines. In the framework of a simple spectator model of the nucleon we show explicitly the presence of a light-cone divergence for a specific twist-3 time-reversal odd parton density. This divergence emerges for all eight twist-3 T-odd correlators and appears also in the case of a quark target in perturbative QCD. The divergence can be removed by using non-light-like Wilson lines. Based on our results we ar- gue that currently there exists no established factorization formula for transverse momentum dependent twist-3 observables in semi-inclusive DIS and related processes. Partonic correlation functions (distributions and fragmentation functions) that depend on both the longitudinal and transverse parton momentum (pT -dependent) have received considerable at- tention over the past years. The most prominent examples are the (naive) time-reversal odd (T-odd) Sivers parton density [1, 2] and the Collins fragmentation function [3], where the status of the mere existence of T-odd parton distributions was clarified only relatively recently [4, 5]. A great deal of theoretical and experimental effort has been devoted to determining these functions by characteriz- ing and measuring single spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) [6, 7, 8] and azimuthal asymmetries in e+e?-annihilation [9] (see also [10, 11]). The first experimental studies on single spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive DIS d