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Notes on solutions in Wronskian form to soliton equations KdV-type.pdf

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Notes on solutions in Wronskian form to soliton equations KdV-type

a r X i v : n l i n / 0 6 0 3 0 0 8 v 3 [ n l i n .S I ] 2 8 J u n 2 0 0 6 Notes on solutions in Wronskian form to soliton equations: KdV-type Da-jun Zhang? Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China February 6, 2008 Abstract This paper can be an overview on solutions in Wronskian/Casoratian form to soliton equations with KdV-type bilinear forms. We first investigate properties of matrices commuting with a Jordan block, by which we derive explicit general solutions to equations satisfied by Wronskian/Casoratian entry vectors, which we call condition equations. These solutions are given according to the coefficient matrix in the condition equations taking diagonal or Jordan block form. Limit relations between theses different solutions are described. We take the KdV equation and the Toda lattice to serve as two examples for solutions in Wronskian form and Casoratian form, respectively. We also discuss Wronskian solutions for the KP equation. Finally, we formulate the Wronskian technique as four steps. Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Lower triangular Toeplitz matrices — matrices commuting with a Jordan block 3 3 Solutions in Wronskian form to the KdV equation 7 3.1 Wronskian solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Solutions related to Γ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 Solutions in Casoratian form to the Toda lattice 26 4.1 Casoratian solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2 Solutions related to Γ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5 Solutions in Wronskian form to the KP equation 39 5.1 Wronskian solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.2 Further discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 ?E-mail: djzhang@staff.shu.edu.cn 1 1 Introduction Soliton solutions can be represented in te