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On the variation of the rank of Jacobian varieties on unramified abelian towers over number.pdf

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On the variation of the rank of Jacobian varieties on unramified abelian towers over number

a r X i v : m a t h / 0 3 1 0 1 2 3 v 2 [ m a t h .N T ] 1 5 N o v 2 0 0 3 ON THE VARIATION OF THE RANK OF JACOBIAN VARIETIES ON UNRAMIFIED ABELIAN TOWERS OVER NUMBER FIELDS AMI?LCAR PACHECO Abstract. Let C be a smooth projective curve defined over a number field k, X/k(C) a smooth projective curve of positive genus, JX the Jacobian va- riety of X and (τ, B) the k(C)/k-trace of JX . We estimate how the rank of JX(k(C))/τB(k) varies when we take an unramified abelian cover π : C ′ → C defined over k. 1. Introduction Let C be a smooth projective curve defined over a number field k, K = k(C) its function field and A an abelian variety defined over K. Let (τ, B) be the K/k-trace of A and k an algebraic closure of k. A theorem of Ne?ron and Lang states that both groups A(K)/τB(k) and A(k(C))/τB(k) are finitely generated. In this paper we will consider the rank of these two groups in the case where A is the Jacobian variety JX of a smooth projective curve X defined over K of genus gX ≥ 1. Let gC be the genus of C, FJX the conductor divisor of JX and fJX its degree. Ogg proves in [12, VI, p. 19] the following geometric upper bound (1.1) rank ( JX(k(C)) τB(k) ) ≤ 2gX(2gC ? 2) + fJX + 4dim(B). (See also [11, Theorem 2]). In the case where X = E is an elliptic curve, (1.1) reduces to (1.2) rank(E(k(C))) ≤ 4gC ? 4 + fE, which is a result due to Shioda [17, Corollary 2]. The goal of this paper is to study the variation of the rank of JX(K)/τB(k) under an unramified abelian covering π : C′ → C defined over k generalizing a result of Silverman [19, Theorem 13] proved in the case where X was an elliptic curve. Let X be a model of X , i.e., X is a smooth projective surface defined over k and X is the generic fiber of the proper flat morphism φ : X → C also defined over k of relative dimension 1. Let K ′ = k(C′), X ′ = X ×C C′, φ′ : X ′ → C′ the morphism obtained from φ by extending the base C to C′ via π. Its generic fiber X ′ is isomorphic to X ×K K ′, so the Jacobian vari