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One-Step Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic-Liquid-Functionalized Graphene She.pdf

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One-Step Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic-Liquid-Functionalized Graphene She

F U L L P A P E R 1518DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200700797One-Step Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Ionic-Liquid-Functionalized Graphene Sheets Directly from Graphite** By Na Liu, Fang Luo,* Haoxi Wu, Yinghui Liu, Chao Zhang, and Ji ChenGraphite, inexpensive and available in large quantities, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here amild, one-step electrochemical approach for the preparation of ionic-liquid-functionalized graphite sheets with the assistance of an ionic liquid and water is presented. These ionic-liquid-treated graphite sheets can be exfoliated into functionalized graphene nanosheets that can not only be individuated and homogeneously distributed into polar aprotic solvents, but also need not be further deoxidized. Different types of ionic liquids and different ratios of the ionic liquid to water can influence the properties of the graphene nanosheets. Graphene nanosheet/polystyrene composites synthesized by a liquid-phase blend route exhibit a percolation threshold of 0.1 vol % for room temperature electrical conductivity, and, at only 4.19 vol %, this composite has a conductivity of 13.84 S m1, which is 3–15 times that of polystyrene composites filled with single-walled carbon nanotubes.1. Introduction Recently, graphene (graphite sheets that are one-atom-thick layers of sp2-bonded carbon) has attracted a tremendous amount of attention.[1] It is predicted to have remarkable properties, such as large thermal conductivity comparable to the in-plane value of graphite, superior mechanical properties, and excellent electronic transport properties.[2] The exfoliation of expanded graphite results in separation of the graphite sheets into graphene nanosheets (GNSs).[3] The high aspect ratio and the large surface area of GNSs are responsible for the much lower percolation threshold and better electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites than compo- sites with micrometer-scale conventional reinf