为了平等而不平等.PDFVIP

·中国当代社会史研究· 为了平等而不平等 ———从学校向工农开门看新中国的教育平等努力( 1949—1965) 王爱云 ( 中国社会科学院 当代中国研究所，北京 100009) 摘 要? 中国共产党自成立起就把争取工农群众受教育权利和受教育机会作为己任。新中国人民民 主专政政权的建立，使广大人民获得了平等的受教育权，但是长期以来工农教育劣势却不是自然而然就能 改变的。学校向工农开门就是中国共产党为增加工农受教育机会、实现真正的教育平等而做出的一种努 力。在实践中，虽然采取了各种优先照顾工农青年、工农子女入学的措施，但是工农入学机会尤其是高等 学校入学机会却一直不能与其他群体相比肩。于是，1958 年以后学校向工农开门力度进一步加大，并且随 着阶级路线的贯彻，一些“剥削阶级”子女接受高等教育机会受到限制。这就使新中国教育平等的价值追 求呈现“为了平等而不平等”的特点。 关键词? 学校向工农开门; 教育权利平等; 教育机会平等 中图分类号? K27 文献标识码? A 文章编号? 1005－ 605X? 2016? 03－ 0152－ 07 Inequalities in the Seeking for Equality ———The New China’s Pursuit of Educational Equality from the Perspective of School’s Opening to Workers and Peasants ?1949—1965? WANG Ai － yun ?Institute of Contemporary China Studies，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100009，China? Abstract?Since the time of establishment，the Chinese Communist Party has taken the responsibility of seeking the right and access to education for the workers and peasants． After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China，the majority of people get the equal opportunity of accessing to education，but the long time weak position of workers and peasants in educa- tion cannot be changed and improved automatically and naturally． The school’s opening to workers and peasants was one effort of the Party to increase educational opportunities and to achieve real equality of education． In practice，although various meas- ures were taken to give the young workers and peasants or the children of the workers and peasants the priorities of going to schools，but their enrollments，