高中英语主谓一致讲解与练习.docVIP

高中英语主谓一致 一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The family were eating. 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 2）如果主语有more than one很多 非常…或many a许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如： All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone. 12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 2．由连接词连接的名词作主语 1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Walking and riding are good exercises. 2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. ３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go. 3．代词作主语 1）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如： Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 2）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如： Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 4．分数、量词作主语 1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的