高考英语动词和动词词组专项复习概览.docx

高考英语动词和动词词组专项复习 【备考策略】动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一，在历年高考题中所占比例也最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在语法填空及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。I.动词的分类根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：1.行为动词（实义动词）①及物动词：带宾语的动词②不及物动词：不带宾语的动词注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词，后面有宾语how to learn；第二个learn是不及物动词。不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。He is working hard at English.③状态动词（相对静止）：contain, exist, own, prefer, belong④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）2.系动词①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。请看下列这道选择题：??????????? good,the food has been sold out.A.Tasted??????? B.Having been Tasted????? C.Tasting????? D.To taste本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动词，应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,…3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等II.短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异。break out发生，爆炸?????? carry out进行，开展????? go out熄灭????? break down出毛病hand out分发???????????? let out放出?????????????? look out当心???? sell out卖完???? set out出发?????????????? take out取出???????????? work out算出???? come down落下来get down下车???????????? take down取下?????????? write down写下2.动词+介词(及物)Im looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找3.动词+副词+介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。注意：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏