InternationalRelationsduringtheColdWar,-.docVIP

PSC 124, 9th and 10th section, October 28 and November 4, 2004 International Relations during the Cold War, 1945 - 1991 Postwar institutions: United Nations: Collective Security elements – refrain from use of force and Security Council may take action to restore peace Bretton Woods Institutions: International Bank for Reconstruction Development, International Monetary Fund Kennan’s Containment: George Kennan provides a detailed analysis of perceived Soviet intentions and suggests a strategy of containment in his “Long Telegram”. Successful containment would eventually lead “either to the break-up or the gradual mellowing of Soviet power.” US Policy: weakened UK withdraws from areas of influence, creating power vacuums riddled by conflict (India, Pakistan, Greece) Truman Doctrine (March 1947): US military aid “in support of free peoples who are resisting attempted subjection by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” Marshall Plan: Massive aid to rebuild Europe along market principles, including occupied zones of Germany Early Cold War in Europe: Berlin airlift (1948), Establishment of NATO (1949), Soviet atomic bomb (1949), West German unification (1954), Establishment of Warsaw Pact (1955), “Iron Curtain” Early Cold War in Asia: Communists victory in Chinese civil war (1949), Nationalist government on Taiwan, Korean War (1950 – 1953) ? Test of containment and UN collective security system, Sino – Soviet split Decolonization process by which colonies of European powers dismantled and new sovereign states created (number of states nearly doubled 1940 – 1970) decolonization often a violent process: Indochina, Palestine, India, Algeria new states became involved in US – Soviet competition: opportunity to win allies and control strategic area, client states and proxy wars, non-aligned movement Major Cold War Conflicts: Vietnam Vietminh resist French and Japanese rule Vietnam divided: Vietminh in the North, French in the South US initially supports Vietminh in favor