高中英语句子基本成分讲义.ppt

句子成分解析;1.主语;练习：在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。;⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语) ⑨That he isnt at home is not true. （that引导主语从句。that无意义，仅起连接作用，位于句首不可省略）;改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。;2.谓语;3）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great.;3.表语;画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。;4.宾语;5.宾语补足语;练习： 用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. I want your homework done on time.;6.主补;7.定语;a)副词用作定语一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人） b)形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语常放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人） ? I know?an?actor?suitable?for?the?part.?;c)介词短语作定语时要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩） d)现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。 I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话) The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩） The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）;练习：翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。;⑧The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑨There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. ⑩Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. 12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. 13.There are many clothes to be washed. 14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. 15.The days were gone when he was so poor. ;8.状语;2）可充当状语的有：副词、介词短语、不定式短语或 从句。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语 或从句放在句首或句末. Thank you very much.(副词表示程度) The old man is walking slowly. (副词表示方式) He usually gets u