1993年诺贝尔化学奖－PCR技术.ppt

1993年诺贝尔化学奖Kary mullis and Michael Smith;Press Release: The 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 13 October 1993 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for contributions to the development of methods within DNA-based chemistry,with half toDr Kary B. Mullis, La Jolla, California, U.S.A., for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method,and half toProfessor Michael Smith, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies. ? ;IntroductionPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) has rapidly become one of the most widely used techniques in molecular biology and for good reason: it is a rapid, inexpensive and simple means of producing relatively large numbers of copies of DNA molecules from minute quantities of source DNA material--even when the source DNA is of relatively poor quality. PCR involves preparation of the sample, the master mix and the primers, followed by detection and analysis of the reaction products;The applications of Mullis PCR method are already many. It is for example possible using simple equipment to multiply a given DNA segment from a complicated genetic material millions of times in a few hours, which is of very great significance for biochemical and genetic research. The method offers new possibilities particularly in medical diagnostics, and is used, for example, for discovering HIV virus or faulty genes in hereditary diseases. Researchers can also produce DNA from animals that became extinct millions of years ago by using the PCR method on fossil material.;原理简介： PCR 技术的基本原理是DNA的半保留复制。由于DNA复制是半保留的，两条链都可以作为模板。在体内，DNA复制是周期性的，所以基因扩增的数量有限；PCR技术在体外利用人工合成的引物，再加上DNA聚合酶和一些合适的底物和因子，通过对温度的控制，使DNA不断位于变性、复性和合成的循环中，达到扩增DNA的目的。;何为Pcr技术？Pcr:Polymerase chain reaction; ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????