1-s2.0-S0896844611004311-main.pdf

M t S a b a A R R A K C W S S 1 s o c h o h s fl t e e a 0 dJ. of Supercritical Fluids 61 (2012) 199– 205 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect The Journal of Supercritical Fluids jou rn al h om epage: www.elsev ier .com/ locate /supf lu odification of the surface of cotton with supercritical carbon dioxide and water o support nanoparticles higeo Katayamaa,b, Liang Zhaob, Setsuko Yonezawab, Yoshio Iwaib,? Marusan Industry Co. Ltd., 757-1 Ikazaki, Uchiko-cho, Ehime 795-0301, Japan Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan r t i c l e i n f o rticle history: eceived 17 June 2011 eceived in revised form 17 October 2011 ccepted 17 October 2011 eywords: otton surface rinkle formation upercritical CO2 upport nanoparticle a b s t r a c t Large pleat-like wrinkles (ca. 1 m wide) on the surface of cotton were formed by immersing the cot- ton in water, and pressurized with supercritical carbon dioxide, and then reducing the pressure to the atmospheric level. The conditions to form the wrinkles were investigated by systematically changing the experimental parameters such as temperature, pressure, treating time, depressurization rate, ambient gas, with or without of water, 20 wt.% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The conditions favorable to form large pleat-like wrinkles are low temperature (40 ?C), high pressure (20 MPa), long treating times (60 min), and fast depressurization rate (0.80 MPa min?1). Water plays an important role. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is more effective than air and helium to form wrinkles. It is assumed that the wrinkles were formed in the following sequence: water in which high-pressure CO2 is dissolved infiltrates the cotton and swells it. When the pressure is reduced, CO2 in water leaves the cotton. The