2013 chen peng shen 神经定量Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in caninecervical.pdf

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2013 chen peng shen 神经定量Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in caninecervical.pdf

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2013 chen peng shen 神经定量Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in caninecervical

Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in canine cervical vagus nerves: Localization and quantitation Patrick Onkka, BS,*,1 Waddah Maskoun, MD,*,1 Kyoung-Suk Rhee, MD, PhD,* Jessica Hellyer, BA,* Jheel Patel,* Jian Tan, MS,* Lan S. Chen, MD,? Harry V. Vinters, MD,? Michael C. Fishbein, MD,? Peng-Sheng Chen, MD, FHRS* From the Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, *Department of Medicine and yDepartment of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana and the zDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.BACKGROUND Cervical vagal nerve (CVN) stimulation may improve left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that sympathetic structures are present in the CVN and to describe the location and quantitate these sympathetic components of the CVN. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical studies of the CVN from 11 normal dogs and simultaneously recorded stellate ganglion nerve activity, left thoracic vagal nerve activity, and subcutaneous electrocardiogram in 2 additional dogs. RESULTS A total of 28 individual nerve bundles were present in the CVNs of the first 11 dogs, with an average of 1.87 1.06 per dog. All CVNs contain tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (sympathetic) nerves, with a total cross-sectional area of 0.97 0.38 mm2. The sympathetic nerves were nonmyelinated, typically located at the periphery of the nerve bundles and occupied 0.03%–2.80% of the CVN cross-sectional area. Cholineacetyltransferase-positive nerve fibers occupied 12.90%–42.86% of the CVN cross-sectionalThis article was processed by a guest editor. This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants P01HL78931 and R01HL71140, a Piansky Endowment (to Dr Fishbein), a Medtronic-Zipes Endowment (to Dr Chen), and the Indiana University Health-Indiana University School of Medicine Strategic Research Initiative. Address reprint requests and correspon