高考英语 教学新观点新方法 从lose heart看可数名词的抽象用法自我测评新题型.docVIP

2014高考英语 教学新观点新方法 从lose heart看可数名词的抽象用法自我测评新题型 从lose heart看可数名词的抽象用法可数名词心心脏Your heart is the organ in your chest that pumps the blood around your body. 但是，在lose heart中，为何不加任何冠词或者物主代词呢？原来，这就是可数名词heart的抽象用法。下面，请仔细体味它的几个抽象用法，均来自权威词典： If you lose heart, you become sad and depressed and are no longer interested in something. （lose heart：失去信心灰心泄气 If you take heart from something, you are encouraged and made to feel optimistic by it. （take heart from：从…得到鼓舞因…振作精神If something gives you heart, it makes you feel more confident or happy about something.? （give sb. heart：鼓励振作起来If you know something such as a poem by heart, you have learned it so well that you can remember it without having to read it.（by heart：背诵出；靠记忆） 通过以上对heart的诠释，我们发现，在这些短语中heart一词已经完全失去了它原有的本义，而赋予了比喻和抽象的意义（信心；记忆）。又如：Although he failed in this entrance examination, he didn’t lose heart. 这次入学考试他虽名落孙山，但他并不气馁。If Tom doesn’t keep his promise, he’ll lose face. 如果汤姆不信守诺言，他就会丢面子His careless work made him lose face with his teacher. 他工作疏忽使他在老师面前丢脸wind风a mild wind一阵微风 rain雨a heavy rain一场雨 snow雪a light snow一场雪 food食物→food一种食品 fruit水果→fruit一种水果tea茶a tea一杯茶a special tea一种特制的茶 beer啤酒a beer一杯啤酒 coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡 glass玻璃a glass一个玻璃杯paper纸a paper一份论文、报纸、试卷a bad cold重感冒 以上为“物质名词和抽象名词转化为可数名词”的一些用法。现在，我们回到本文即将讨论的问题。除了lose heart和lose face之外，还有那些情况属于可数名词的抽象或比喻用法？ 大家知道，可数名词在单数情况下，使用时前面应加冠词若无冠词，则加其他限定词’s等，但在实际语言中，确实存在着许多可数名词的现象。如： She went to church last Sunday. 她上周日都去做礼拜了。She went to the church for a visit yesterday. 她昨天去参观了那所教堂。 The man stayed in prison for almost ten years. 那人蹲了接近10年监狱。 The man stayed in the prison for a night. 那人在监狱里过了一夜。 He went to bed very late last night. 他昨晚睡觉很晚。 He went to the bed to fetch his clothes. 他走向床边取衣服。 The whole family are sitting at table. 全家人正在吃饭。 The whole family sat at the table, chatting. 全家人坐在桌边聊天呢。He became a waiter; his job was to wait at table.?他做了饭馆的服务员，工作是照顾客人吃饭。They were already waiting at the table when I got there.?当我到达那里时他们已在。Mr. Brown is now out of office due to his old