60 years of land reclamation after opencast coal mininga success story of Czech reclamation work.pdf

金属矿山METAL MINE 2008年10月增罚 60 years of land reclamation after opencast coal mining——a success storyof Czech reclamation work Marie Vrbova口*,Stanislav Sty? aR-Princip MostLtd．，bEcoconsult Ports Czech Republic Continuous opencast mining employing large scale equipment has negative impacts on the general environment in the relevant regions．ne remedy ofthese effects is basically prescribed by the Mining Act． Clean-up of former coal mining sites and reclamation of mining．．degraded areas in the Czech brown coal basins(total surface approx．1,000 square kilometers)has been carried out succesfuly for nearly sixty years．During this time the approach to land reclamation has undergone a specific development．At the beginning mainly green vegetation cover was provided．In the period of centrally planned economy preference was given to agricultural reclamation types．After 1990，reclamation to forest prevailed．The present time brings new priorities．．reclamation for the renewal of entire landscape functions and revitalization．At the same time，the fruitful international discussion is very important factor Keywords：reclamation of post-mining areas，technical and biotechnical stage of reclamation，new priorities and challenges 1．Introduction In Europe，until the onset of the Industrial Revolution exploitation of mineral deposits had，in general，been carried out on a small scale basis and without any obligations whatsoever concerning remedy of the areas degraded by mining．In the Czech conditions the duty to settle the damage caused by mining Was prescribed in 1 854 through a general mining act．Hence．也e history of land reclamation after coal extraction dates back as early as one hundred years ago． Brown coal mining，carried out predominantly by underground mining technologies，had developed very fast in the North Bohemian Coal Basin．however,virtually until l945也e reclamation activities had only been carried out as a partial compensation or as a final arrangement，which had not been integrated into