Being in Public and Reciprocity Design for Portholes and User Preference.pdf

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Being in Public and Reciprocity Design for Portholes and User Preference.pdf

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Being in Public and Reciprocity Design for Portholes and User Preference

1. INTRODUCTION As we become better connected by communication networks, geographically-distributed individuals and groups are using mediated communication technolo- gies (e.g., video conferencing) to support work col- laborations. Group and collaboration awareness tools (Cool 1992, Narine 1997, Tang 1994) have been pro- posed for enabling non-co-located people to be aware of their coworkers and of the potential for col- laboration. They largely use video images as the information kernel for awareness. Portholes is one flavor of such a tool that provides an integrative view of one’s community through a matrix of still video images. These images are snapped periodically (e.g., every 5 minutes) and updated automatically. As a result, users can get a background and peripheral sense of co-workers and their activities. Over a three year period, we developed, and deployed a Web-based version of this tool within NYNEX (Lee 1997). The objective was to explore how it improves communication and facilitates a shared understanding among distributed develop- ment groups. We chose this tool because of the posi- tive experiences at Xerox with using Polyscope and Portholes (Borning 1991, Dourish 1992). However, despite our efforts to involve users throughout and to make it accessible and useful, it was difficult to gain adoption by all users or to recruit new groups. In dis- cussions with people ambivalent about this tool, we found at least two design limitations: ? Sense of being in public — cues about being in public that help users frame their behavior, ? Reciprocity — information about who can see a user and who is currently looking at the user. The next section elaborates on the two limitations. The third section proposes a redesign of the Port- holes display to include critical information along with the rationale. The fourth and fifth sections describe a preference experiment and results explor- ing users’ initial impressions which have been so critical in influencing their